Chapter 12 – Reproduction in Plants- Fill in the Blanks with Answers and Explanations (Solved Worksheet)
The biological process by which new plants are produced from the parents is called _____________.
Answer- Reproduction
Explanation- Reproduction is the overall biological process through which new individual plants are produced from their parent(s), ensuring the continuation and spread of the species.
The reproductive structures in plants which facilitate sexual reproduction are called _____________.
Answer- Flowers
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Explanation- Flowers are the reproductive organs of flowering plants, containing either male or female reproductive structures, or sometimes both, to facilitate sexual reproduction.
New plants growing from the _____________ of a parent plant is an example of vegetative reproduction.
Answer- stems, roots, or leaves
Explanation- Vegetative reproduction refers to the process of asexual reproduction where new plants grow from the vegetative parts of the parent, such as stems, roots, or leaves.
In plants like strawberries, _____________ stretch out and take root to form new plants.
Answer- runners
Explanation- Runners are stem-like structures that grow horizontally on the surface of the soil and take root at various points, giving rise to new plants, as seen in strawberries.
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A _____________ with a node is planted in soil to observe vegetative propagation through cuttings.
Answer- branch (cutting)
Explanation- A cutting, typically a branch or a part of the stem that includes a node, is planted in soil to grow new plants, demonstrating vegetative propagation.
_____________ are found in the axils of leaves and can become new plants in vegetative propagation.
Answer- Buds
Explanation- Buds, located in the axils of leaves (where the leaf attaches to the stem), are immature shoots that have the potential to grow into new plants.
The fusion of pollen from the male part and the ovule from the female part forms _____________.
Answer- seeds
Explanation- Seeds are formed when the male reproductive cells in pollen fertilise the female ovules during sexual reproduction in plants.
Plants like Bryophyllum can reproduce asexually through new plants sprouting from the _____________.
Answer- edges of a leaf
Explanation- In some plant species like Bryophyllum, new plants can asexually grow from the edges of a leaf, which is an example of vegetative reproduction.
Plants that may have difficulty with seed production due to absent or ineffective pollination can still reproduce through _____________.
Answer- vegetative propagation
Explanation- Vegetative propagation allows plants to reproduce without the need for seeds or pollination, which is beneficial for plants that do not easily undergo sexual reproduction.
In the vegetative propagation activity using potato, the potato pieces planted in soil each contain an _____________, which can give rise to a new plant.
Answer- eye
Explanation- Potato eyes are small buds that can develop into new potato plants when the sections of the potato containing these eyes are planted in soil.
_____________ is a single-celled fungus that is utilised in baking and brewing due to its ability to ferment sugars.
Answer- Yeast
Explanation- Yeast is a microscopic fungus that is integral in the production of alcohol and leavening of bread, through the process of fermentation where it converts sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
In yeast, a new cell develops from the parent cell through a process called _____________.
Answer- Budding
Explanation- Budding is an asexual form of reproduction in yeast where a new individual grows directly from the body of the parent cell, eventually detaching to become an independent yeast cell.
When yeast is mixed with sugar and water and kept warm, the yeast starts to reproduce through _____________ visible under a microscope as small projections.
Answer- Budding
Explanation- Under optimal conditions of warmth and nutrient availability (sugar), yeast reproduces asexually by budding, which can be observed under a microscope as small projections from the parent yeast cell.
The nucleus of the yeast cell divides and one part moves into the new _____________ during the budding process.
Answer- Bud
Explanation- During budding, the yeast’s nucleus splits into two, with one part staying with the parent and the other migrating into the growing bud, ensuring that the new yeast cell will have the necessary genetic material to function.
Yeast can stop the budding process and remain dormant if _____________ conditions become unfavourable.
Answer- Environmental
Explanation- Yeast has the ability to halt its reproductive process in response to adverse environmental conditions, allowing it to survive until conditions become favourable again.
In algae, a type of asexual reproduction called _____________ involves the organism breaking into parts that each become a new individual.
Answer- Fragmentation
Explanation- Fragmentation in algae occurs when an alga breaks into multiple fragments, each of which has the potential to grow into a full-fledged new individual algae.
Algae can quickly cover a large area in water bodies because each _____________ has the capacity to develop into a new plant.
Answer- Fragment
Explanation- As each fragment from the algae has the capability to grow independently, this leads to a rapid multiplication of algae, often resulting in green patches in ponds or stagnant water bodies.
_____________ are produced by certain plants and fungi, are microscopic, and have a tough protective coat.
Answer- Spores
Explanation- Spores are a form of asexual reproductive units produced by some plants and fungi, characterised by their microscopic size and a resilient outer coat that helps them survive harsh conditions.
Spores can remain _____________ during harsh conditions and germinate when the environment becomes suitable.
Answer- Dormant
Explanation– The hard protective coat of spores allows them to withstand unfavourable conditions by going into a dormant state until they encounter favourable conditions for germination and growth.
The spores of moss and ferns are released from structures called _____________.
Answer- Sporangia
Explanation- Sporangia are specialised structures in mosses, ferns, and fungi that develop and house spores. Once mature, the spores are released into the environment for dispersal.
The receptive surface of the female reproductive part in flowers that captures pollen is called the ___________.
Answer- Stigma
Explanation- The stigma is the part of the pistil that receives the pollen during fertilisation. It is sticky or feathery in structure, allowing it to trap and hold the pollen grains.
The filament in a flower’s stamen serves to __________ the anther.
Answer- Support
Explanation- The filament is a slender, stalk-like structure that holds up the anther, positioning it to effectively release pollen for pollination.
In a flower’s pistil, the ovary contains one or more __________ where the female gametes are produced.
Answer- Ovules
Explanation- The ovary is the enlarged basal portion of the pistil where ovules are produced. Inside these ovules, the female gametes, or eggs, develop.
Corn and cucumber plants have ___________ flowers, which contain either male or female reproductive organs but not both.
Answer- Unisexual
Explanation- Unisexual flowers are those that have either stamens (male reproductive organs) or pistils (female reproductive organs), but not both in the same flower, promoting cross-pollination.
Plants with flowers that have both stamens and pistils are called ___________.
Answer- Bisexual
Explanation- Bisexual flowers contain both male (stamens) and female (pistils) reproductive structures, which allows for self-pollination and also cross-pollination.
Pollen grains from the anther need to be transferred to the ___________ for pollination to occur.
Answer- Stigma
Explanation- Pollination is the process where pollen grains are moved from the anther, the male part of the flower, to the stigma, the female part of the flower.
___________ pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from a flower’s anther to the stigma of another flower on a different plant of the same species.
Answer- Cross
Explanation- Cross-pollination involves the transfer of pollen to a flower on a different plant, promoting genetic diversity within a plant population.
___________ pollination is a more secure form of pollination as it ensures that pollen reaches the stigma of the same kind of flower.
Answer- Self
Explanation- Self-pollination happens within the same flower or between flowers of the same plant, which does not involve external pollination agents, ensuring that fertilisation takes place.
___________ help in increasing genetic diversity within a plant population, which is essential for adaptability and survival.
Answer- Cross-pollination
Explanation- Cross-pollination mixes genetic material from different individuals of the same species, resulting in increased genetic diversity which is beneficial for the survival of the species.
The formation of fruits and seeds in flowering plants is dependent on successful ___________.
Answer- Pollination
Explanation- Pollination must occur for a flower to be fertilised, leading to the development of seeds and fruit which are essential for the continuation of the plant species.
Insect-pollinated flowers often produce _________ and have brightly coloured petals to attract their pollinators.
Answer- Nectar
Explanation- Nectar is a sweet substance produced by flowers to attract insects for pollination. Insects visit the flowers to consume nectar and inadvertently transfer pollen in the process.
Fertilisation in plants is the union of male and female ____________, resulting in the formation of a zygote.
Answer- gametes
Explanation- Gametes are the reproductive cells in plants, with the male gamete forming in pollen grains and the female gamete being the egg cell within the ovule.
The ____________ is where male gamete formation occurs, and it is a part of the stamen.
Answer- anther
Explanation- The anther is the part of the male reproductive organ of a flower where pollen grains, which contain the male gametes, are produced.
The ____________ is the female reproductive part where the female gamete, or egg cell, is formed.
Answer- ovule
Explanation- The ovule is the structure within the ovary of the pistil that develops the female gametes.
Pollen grains must be transferred from the anther to the ____________ of a flower to begin the process of fertilisation.
Answer- stigma
Explanation- The stigma is the part of the pistil that receives pollen, which is the first step in fertilisation.
After pollen lands on the stigma, a ____________ tube is formed, which grows downward toward the ovule.
Answer- pollen
Explanation- The pollen tube is a structure that grows from the germinating pollen grain down through the style to allow the male gamete to reach the female gamete in the ovule. The ____________ provides a secure environment for the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilisation.
Answer- ovule
Explanation- The ovule is the location within the ovary of the pistil where fertilisation occurs, providing a protected space for gametes to fuse.
The ____________ undergoes multiple cell divisions to become an embryo after fertilisation.
Answer- zygote
Explanation- The zygote is the initial cell formed when a new organism is produced by fertilisation, which then divides to form an embryo.
Fertilisation leads to genetic ____________, which is crucial for the adaptability and evolution of plant species.
Answer- diversity
Explanation- The combination of genetic material from two different plants during fertilisation increases variability within the species.
By dissecting flowers such as mustard, one can study their reproductive parts to understand the structure and function of ____________ and pistils.
Answer- stamens
Explanation- Dissecting flowers allows the observation of stamens and pistils, the male and female reproductive parts, respectively.
After fertilisation, the ovary of a flower develops into a ____________, which serves as a protective enclosure for seeds.
Answer- fruit
Explanation- The fruit is the mature ovary of a flower that forms after fertilisation, encasing and protecting the developing seeds.
The transformation of ovules into seeds begins after the process of ____________.
Answer- fertilisation
Explanation- Seed development starts with fertilisation, where the ovules, after the fusion of male and female gametes, will eventually transform into seeds.
Seed dispersal is vital for the survival and spread of plant species, as it minimises competition for ____________ such as sunlight, water, and minerals.
Answer- resources
Explanation– Seed dispersal helps in reducing competition for essential resources by spreading offspring to new locations.
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