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Chemical elements are the basic building blocks of all matter. This guide explains atoms, elements, and the periodic table in simple terms for students. Learn how elements combine to form compounds, how they appear in nature, and how stars create them. Ideal for high school learners exploring chemistry fundamentals and real-life applications of science.
What Are Chemical Elements? A Complete Guide for Students Read More
The periodic table is a scientific chart that organizes elements by atomic number and reveals patterns in chemical behavior. It helps explain how atoms bond, react and form substances. From noble gases to alkali metals, each group shares unique properties, all guided by electron structure-a key to understanding the elements of the universe.
The Periodic Table of Elements: What It Is and How It Works Read More
Transition elements, or d-block metals (Groups 3–12), feature partially filled d-orbitals and exhibit unique properties such as variable oxidation states, colored compounds, and catalytic activity. Located centrally on the periodic table, they have high atomisation enthalpy due to strong metallic bonding and unpaired d-electrons. Inner transition elements include lanthanides and actinides with f-orbitals.
What Are Transition Elements? Properties, Periodic Table Location, and Atomisation Enthalpy Read More
Nuclear transmutation changes one element or isotope into another by altering protons or neutrons. It occurs naturally (e.g., in stars, radioactive decay) or artificially (e.g., in reactors, particle accelerators). This process is key to element formation, medical isotope production, nuclear energy, and waste reduction. While gold can be transmuted, it’s economically unfeasible.
Nuclear Transmutation: How Elements Change in Nature and Science Read More
Matter is the substance that forms everything around us. It can be classified into elements, compounds, and mixtures. Elements contain only one type of atom, compounds are chemically bonded atoms in fixed ratios and mixtures are physical combinations of substances. These forms are fundamental in chemistry, as it reveals how substances interact.
What Are Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures? Key Differences and Examples Read More
Particles of matter are extremely small, constantly in motion and have spaces between them. They possess mass, attract each other and can diffuse naturally. These fundamental characteristics explain how solids, liquids and gases behave differently. Understanding these properties is essential in physics and chemistry for grasping the nature and structure of all matter.
What are the Characteristics of the Particles of Matter ? Read MoreMatter, which occupies space and has mass, exhibits both physical and chemical properties. Physical traits like density or color may be extensive or intensive, while chemical traits involve transformations, such as flammability or reactivity. Matter exists in distinct states -solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate each with unique behaviors. Specialized properties aid in scientific and industrial applications.
Properties of Matter: Physical, Chemical, and Functional Explained With Examples Read MoreTemperature is measured using the property of thermal expansion, where matter increases in volume with heat due to increased particle motion. This expansion is predictable and used in thermometers and other devices. As temperature rises, particle spacing increases, causing expansion in solids, liquids, and gases, making thermal expansion a reliable way to measure temperature.
Which Property of Matter Is Used to Measure Temperature? Read More
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent. Solutes dissolve in solvents without settling, forming a single-phase system. Solvents determine the solution’s state and aid dispersion. Solubility depends on factors like temperature, pressure, and polarity. Types of solutions and solvents vary by state and composition. Examples include saltwater, soda, alloys, and perfumes.
Solute, Solvent and Solution- Definition, Difference between, Characteristics, Examples Read More
Matter around us is mostly mixtures, not pure substances. Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Solutions, suspensions, and colloids differ in properties. Pure substances include elements and compounds, with fixed composition and characteristics. Physical and chemical changes alter matter differently. Separation methods help isolate components in mixtures, highlighting the difference between mixtures and pure substances.
Chapter 2: Is Matter Around Us Pure?-Class 9 – Simplified notes Read More