Table of Contents
Chapter 12 – Reproduction in Plants-Short Extra Questions and Answers(Solved Worksheet)
Question- What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction in plants?
Answer- The main advantage of sexual reproduction in plants is genetic diversity. It combines genetic material from two different parents, leading to offspring with unique genetic makeups, which increases adaptability and survival of the species.
Question- How do seeds ensure the continuation of plant species?
Answer- Seeds contain the embryo of a plant, which under favourable conditions can grow into a new individual. Seed dispersal mechanisms enable the spread of the species to new environments, thus ensuring species continuation.
Question- What is vegetative propagation and give one example?
Answer- Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction where new plants grow from vegetative parts such as stems, roots, or leaves. An example is the growth of new strawberry plants from runners.
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Question- Define pollination and its role in plant reproduction.
Answer- Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male anthers to the female stigma of a flower. It is a crucial step in plant reproduction, leading to fertilisation and the production of seeds.
Question- How do potatoes reproduce vegetatively?
Answer- Potatoes reproduce vegetatively through the “eyes,” which are buds on the surface of the potato. When these buds are planted in favourable conditions, they can grow into new potato plants.
Question- What is the advantage of plants like Bryophyllum reproduction through leaves?
Answer- Plants like Bryophyllum can reproduce through leaves, which is advantageous because it allows for the easy and rapid spread of the species without the need for seeds, ensuring quick establishment in favourable environments.
Question- What is the main advantage of vegetative propagation for commercial crop production?
Answer- The main advantage of vegetative propagation for commercial crop production is the uniformity of the offspring. It ensures that all propagated plants maintain the same desirable traits of the parent plant, which is crucial for consistency in crop quality.
Question- Describe the role of the parent cell’s nucleus during the budding process in yeast.
Answer- During the budding process in yeast, the nucleus of the parent cell divides mitotically. One of the resultant nuclei migrates into the developing bud, ensuring that the new yeast cell will have the same genetic material as the parent, allowing for genetic stability in the population.
Question- What environmental factors trigger fragmentation in algae?
Answer- Fragmentation in algae is typically triggered by favourable environmental conditions such as ample availability of water, nutrients, and suitable temperatures.
Question- Why is fragmentation considered an efficient means of reproduction for algae?
Answer- Fragmentation is efficient because it allows for rapid and extensive proliferation without the need for complex reproductive structures or processes.
Question- How do spores contribute to the survival and dispersal of plants?
Answer- Spores have protective coats that enable them to survive harsh conditions and remain dormant until favourable conditions return. Their light weight allows them to be easily dispersed by wind or water, spreading the species over a wide area.
Question- What is the advantage of the hard coat surrounding plant spores?
Answer- The hard coat protects spores from environmental extremes, making them resistant to high temperatures and low humidity, and allows them to survive periods of dormancy until conditions are right for germination.
Question- What is the primary role of the anther in a flower?
Answer- The anther is responsible for producing and releasing pollen grains, which contain the male gametes for fertilisation.
Question- Why is the stigma sticky in many flowers?
Answer- The stigma is sticky to effectively capture and hold onto pollen grains that are carried to it by wind, water, or pollinators.
Question- What is the difference between unisexual and bisexual flowers?
Answer- Unisexual flowers contain either male (stamen) or female (pistil) reproductive organs, while bisexual flowers contain both.
Question- How do agents like wind and water contribute to plant pollination?
Answer- Wind and water act as mediums to carry lightweight or buoyant pollen grains from one flower to another, facilitating pollination in plants adapted to these pollination agents.
Question- What is one advantage of cross-pollination over self-pollination?
Answer- Cross-pollination increases genetic diversity within a plant species, which is beneficial for adaptability and resilience to environmental changes.
Question 1- What is the male reproductive organ of a flower called?
Answer- The male reproductive organ of a flower is called the stamen.
Question 2- What part of the flower’s female reproductive system contains the ovules?
Answer- The ovary of the pistil contains the ovules.
Question 3- Name one plant that uses water for pollination.
Answer- An example of a plant that uses water for pollination is waterweed (Elodea).
Question 4- What does a pollen grain develop into after landing on a compatible stigma?
Answer- After landing on a compatible stigma, a pollen grain develops into a pollen tube.
Question 5- What type of fruit is characterised by a hard, protective outer layer?
Answer- A hard, protective outer layer characterises nuts, which are a type of fruit.
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