The Pancreas – Structure, Function and Hormonal Secretions

The pancreas is a glandular organ located in the abdominal cavity. It has a complex structure consisting of various parts, including the head, body, and tail. Functionally, the pancreas plays a crucial role in both the digestive and endocrine systems. It produces and secretes digestive enzymes and juices, essential for the breakdown and absorption of nutrients. Additionally, the pancreas secretes important hormones like insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels. The pancreatic structure, function, and hormonal secretions are vital for maintaining overall health and metabolic balance.

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Liver – Structure, Functions, Disorders, Regeneration

The liver, a vital organ known for its remarkable structure and function, comprises four lobes: right, left, caudate, and quadrate. It is supported by the falciform ligament and surrounded by Glisson’s capsule. The liver’s crucial components include the common hepatic duct, hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, lobes, lobules, and the protective peritoneum. Its intricate structure enables it to perform vital functions in the body.

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Structure and functional units of the Liver

The liver, a vital organ in the human body, consists of numerous structural and functional units called Hepatic lobules. Each lobule consists of hepatic cells, sinusoids and a central vein. The hepatocytes in the lobules perform various metabolic functions, such as detoxification, protein synthesis and bile production. Understanding the intricate structure and function of the liver units is crucial to understanding liver physiology.

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Differences Between Pollination and Fertilisation

Difference Between Pollination and Fertilisation

Understanding the difference between pollination and fertilisation is crucial in plant reproduction. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil, whereas fertilisation is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. Pollination occurs before fertilisation and can lead to genetic variation. These processes play an important role in the successful reproduction of plants.

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what are the Difference Between Chemosynthesis and Photosynthesis

Difference Between Chemosynthesis and Photosynthesis

Chemosynthesis and photosynthesis are two different processes with different energy sources and reactions. While photosynthesis uses light energy, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen, chemosynthesis relies on chemical energy from inorganic compounds and produces organic compounds without the involvement of light or oxygen.

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Chemosynthesis - Definition, Process, Equation, Chemosynthetic bacteria  , types , examples

Chemosynthesis – Definition, Process, Equation, Chemosynthetic bacteria  , types , examples

Chemosynthesis is a process where chemosynthetic bacteria convert inorganic compounds into energy-rich organic compounds. It occurs in environments lacking sunlight. The equation for chemosynthesis is carbon dioxide + water + inorganic compounds → organic compounds + sulphur compounds. Chemosynthetic bacteria, like sulphur bacteria, iron bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria, are examples of organisms that carry out chemosynthesis. Chemosynthesis differs from photosynthesis in energy sources and reactions.

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Equation for Photosynthesis

Equation for Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, can be summarised by the equation for photosynthesis. The chemical equation, 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2, represents the balanced reaction. It outlines the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen with the help of sunlight. This word equation simplifies the process for easier understanding.

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what is the importance of photosynthesis

Importance of Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is vital and sustains life on earth. It produces oxygen, drives plant growth and forms the basis of the food chain. Animals depend on photosynthesis to produce oxygen and feed themselves. Plants thrive on energy production and nutrient synthesis. Humans benefit from food sources and renewable energy sources. Nature finds a balance as photosynthesis reduces carbon dioxide and promotes biodiversity.

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Photorespiration occurs in

Photorespiration occurs in C3 plants and involves several organelles. In chloroplasts, RuBP oxygenase reacts with RuBP, leading to the formation of PGA and PGly. Glycolic acid is produced in chloroplasts and then undergoes oxidation in peroxisomes, forming glyoxylic acid. Within mitochondria, glycine combines with CO2 and NH3, releasing CO2 and forming serine.

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Chapter 13 - Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photorespiration is a Wasteful process Justify

Photorespiration is a wasteful process that inhibits photosynthesis by diverting RuBisCO activity from carbon fixation. It reduces the production of glucose and oxygen, important products of photosynthesis. In addition, photorespiration consumes ATP instead of producing it, resulting in a loss of energy for the plant. It also leads to a loss of fixed carbon through the release of carbon dioxide, which further reduces carbon gain.

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