Nephron Diagram Class 10

Structure of Nephron Diagram

Important parts of Nephron with their Structure and Functions are as follows

Bowman’s Capsule 

• Bowman’s capsule refers to a membranous, double- walled capsule, which surrounds a glomerulus of the nephron.
• It is a cup-like structure Consists of two epithelial cell layers.
• Bowman’s Capsule receives the filtrate of the glomerulus .
• It does not contain blood cells and platelets.

Glomerulus

• Glomerulus refers to a cluster of small blood capillaries in the nephron, which filtersblood plasma.
• It  is a  cluster of blood capillaries consists of a single epithelial layer, which is surrounded by podocytes and mesangial cells.
• Glomerulus filters the blood plasma Contains blood cells and platelets.

Also Check – Structure of Nephron

Proximal convoluted tubule

• The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is the nephron site where most reabsorption of “Goodies” takes place.
• Obligatory water reabsorption takes place in the PCT and nephron loop [Loop of Henle].
• Since Na- is reabsorbed in the PCT, water follows it via osmosis to balance the changing osmotic gradient.
• Some wastes are excreted here into the nephron (eventually eliminated in urine).
• It Reabsorbs ions, water, and nutrients; removes toxins and adjusts filtrate pH.

Loop of Henle 

• Found in 1/3 of all nephrons in kidney .
• It begins in Cortex of Kidney and Dips into Medulla of Kidney.
• It create a very high concentration of Na+ and Cl- ions in tissue fluid of medulla, enabling water. to be reabsorbed from fluid in collecting duct as it flows through medulla.
• It Enables concentrated urine production.
• It ensures water is conserved in body and not released in urine.
• It prevents dehydration

Also Check – Function of Nephron

There are two Parts of Loop of Henle

• Descending loop of Henle
• Ascending loop of Henle

Descending loop of Henle

• In the descending loop of henle  the water potential of the fluid is decreased by the addition of mineral ions and the removal of water.
• Allow water to pass from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid .

Ascending loop of Henle

• In the ascending loop of Henle  the water potential is increased as mineral ions are removed by active transport.
• Ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to water.

Distal convoluted tubule

• Selectively secretes and absorbs different ions to maintain blood pH and electrolyte balance.

Collecting duct

• Reabsorbs solutes and water from the filtrate.