Nephron Diagram Class 10

structure of nephron diagram  class 10 ncert
Nephron Diagram

Structure of Nephron Diagram

Important parts of Nephron with their Structure and Functions are as follows

Bowman’s Capsule 

  • Bowman’s capsule refers to a membranous, double- walled capsule, which surrounds a glomerulus of the nephron.
  • It is a cup-like structure Consists of two epithelial cell layers.
  • Bowman’s Capsule receives the filtrate of the glomerulus .
  • It does not contain blood cells and platelets.

Glomerulus

  • Glomerulus refers to a cluster of small blood capillaries in the nephron, which filtersblood plasma.
  • It  is a  cluster of blood capillaries consists of a single epithelial layer, which is surrounded by podocytes and mesangial cells.
  • Glomerulus filters the blood plasma Contains blood cells and platelets.

Also Check – Structure of Nephron

Proximal convoluted tubule

  • The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is the nephron site where most reabsorption of “Goodies” takes place.
  • Obligatory water reabsorption takes place in the PCT and nephron loop [Loop of Henle].
  • Since Na- is reabsorbed in the PCT, water follows it via osmosis to balance the changing osmotic gradient.
  • Some wastes are excreted here into the nephron (eventually eliminated in urine).
  • It Reabsorbs ions, water, and nutrients; removes toxins and adjusts filtrate pH.

Loop of Henle 

  • Found in 1/3 of all nephrons in kidney .
  • It begins in Cortex of Kidney and Dips into Medulla of Kidney.
  • It create a very high concentration of Na+ and Cl- ions in tissue fluid of medulla, enabling water. to be reabsorbed from fluid in collecting duct as it flows through medulla.
  • It Enables concentrated urine production.
  • It ensures water is conserved in body and not released in urine.
  • It prevents dehydration

Also Check – Function of Nephron

There are two Parts of Loop of Henle

  • Descending loop of Henle
  • Ascending loop of Henle

Descending loop of Henle

  • In the descending loop of henle  the water potential of the fluid is decreased by the addition of mineral ions and the removal of water.
  • Allow water to pass from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid .

Ascending loop of Henle

  • In the ascending loop of Henle  the water potential is increased as mineral ions are removed by active transport.
  • Ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to water.

Distal convoluted tubule

  • Selectively secretes and absorbs different ions to maintain blood pH and electrolyte balance.

Collecting duct

  • Reabsorbs solutes and water from the filtrate.

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