Class 7 – Science- Chapter 14 – Electric Current and its Effects -Definition and Explanation of Important Keywords

Battery-

• Definition- A battery is a device that stores and provides electrical energy.
•  Explanation- A battery has two ends, called the positive and negative terminals. Inside, it has chemicals that store energy. When you connect a battery to something like a toy or a light, it sends electricity through wires to make them work. The battery keeps providing this power until its chemicals are used up.

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Circuit Diagram-

• Definition- A circuit diagram is a simplified representation of an electrical circuit using symbols.
•  Explanation- Imagine a map that shows how to connect electrical components like batteries, lights, and switches. A circuit diagram is just like that map. It uses special symbols to show where each part goes and how they are connected by lines representing wires. This helps us understand how electricity flows from one part to another.

Electric Components-

• Definition- Electric components are the parts used to build electrical circuits.
•  Explanation- These are like the pieces of a puzzle that make up an electrical circuit. Examples include batteries (which provide power), bulbs (which give light), wires (which carry electricity), and switches (which start or stop the flow of electricity). Each component has a specific role in making the circuit work.

Electric Bell-

• Definition- An electric bell is a device that uses electricity to create a ringing sound.
•  Explanation- When you press a button, electricity flows through the bell’s circuit. It powers an electromagnet, which attracts a piece of metal connected to a clapper. The clapper hits a bell, producing the ringing sound. When the electromagnet turns off, a spring pulls the clapper back, ready to ring again.

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Electromagnet-

• Definition- An electromagnet is a type of magnet that can be turned on and off with electricity.
•  Explanation- It’s made by winding a wire around a piece of iron or steel and then passing an electric current through the wire. This current creates a magnetic field, turning the iron into a magnet. When the current is stopped, the magnetism disappears. Electromagnets are useful because you can control their strength and turn them on and off.

Fuse-

• Definition- A fuse is a safety device that protects electrical circuits from too much current.
•  Explanation- Inside a fuse is a thin wire that melts and breaks if too much electricity passes through it. This stops the flow of electricity, protecting appliances and preventing fires. Fuses are important for safety in electrical systems.

Heating Effect of Current-

• Definition- The heating effect of current refers to the heat produced when electrical current flows through a conductor.
•  Explanation- When electricity flows through wires or other materials, it faces some resistance. This resistance makes the material warm up, sometimes enough to glow. This is why bulbs light up and heaters get hot. It’s the electrical energy converting into heat energy.

Magnetic Effect of Current-

• Definition- The magnetic effect of current is the creation of a magnetic field around a conductor when an electric current passes through it.
•  Explanation- Just like a magnet, a wire with electricity flowing through it creates a magnetic field around it. This field can attract or repel other magnets. This effect is used in many devices, like electric motors, which use the magnetic force to turn electricity into movement.

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