NUTRITION IN ANIMALS- Short Question and Answers
What is photosynthesis, and how do plants perform it?
Answer- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates and oxygen.
Why do animals, including humans, need to acquire food from external sources?
Answer- Animals cannot perform photosynthesis, so they must obtain their food from external sources to meet their nutritional needs.
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What are the primary components of food, and what roles do they play in the body?
Answer- The primary components of food are carbohydrates (energy source), proteins (for growth and repair), fats (energy and protection), vitamins and minerals (essential for health), and water (vital for bodily functions).
What is the role of saliva in the process of digestion?
Answer- Saliva contains enzymes like amylase, which initiates the chemical digestion of carbohydrates by breaking them down into simpler sugars. It also helps in the formation of a bolus for swallowing.
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What is the primary function of the large intestine in the digestive process?
Answer- The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water and some salts from the undigested food, turning it into a semi-solid mass called faeces.
What are villi, and what is their role in digestion?
Answer- Villi are tiny finger-like projections lining the inner walls of the small intestine. They greatly increase the surface area for absorption of digested nutrients into the bloodstream.
What is the primary function of incisors in the mouth?
Answer- The primary function of incisors is cutting and biting food, particularly useful for slicing through items like fruits and vegetables.
What type of teeth are responsible for grinding and crushing food, especially tougher items?
Answer- Premolars are responsible for grinding and crushing food, especially foods that require more chewing, like grains and certain vegetables.
What role does saliva play in the chemical digestion of food in the mouth?
Answer- Saliva contains enzymes like amylase, which initiate the chemical digestion of carbohydrates by converting starches into simpler sugars.
What is the function of saliva in digestion?
Answer- Saliva moistens food, contains enzymes for breaking down carbohydrates, and aids in the initial stages of chemical digestion.
What are the four tastes detected by taste buds on the tongue?
Answer- Taste buds on the tongue detect sweet, salty, sour, and bitter tastes.
When do milk teeth typically begin to erupt in children?
Answer– Milk teeth typically begin to erupt around six months of age.
What is tooth decay, and what causes it?
Answer- Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is the breakdown of tooth structure caused by harmful bacteria in the mouth interacting with sugars from leftover food, leading to the production of acids.
What role do harmful bacteria play in tooth decay, and why is oral hygiene important?
Answer- Harmful bacteria in the mouth feed on sugars left on teeth after consuming food, producing corrosive acids. Proper oral hygiene is essential to prevent these bacteria from thriving and causing tooth decay.
How does the body’s swallowing mechanism protect against choking during eating or drinking?
Answer- During swallowing, the epiglottis, a flap-like valve, closes off the windpipe (trachea) to prevent food and liquids from entering it, ensuring they go down the oesophagus (food pipe) to the stomach and not the windpipe.
What is the function of the oesophagus in the digestive system?
Answer- The oesophagus is responsible for propelling food from the mouth to the stomach through coordinated muscle contractions called peristalsis.
What triggers the vomiting reflex, and what is its purpose?
Answer- The vomiting reflex can be triggered by factors such as consuming spoiled food, overeating, or the body’s response to harmful substances. Its purpose is to expel the contents of the stomach, removing potentially harmful or indigestible materials.
Where is the stomach located in the digestive tract, and what is its unique shape?
Answer- The stomach is positioned between the oesophagus and the small intestine in the digestive tract. It has a unique shape resembling a flattened J.
What is the role of the mucus secreted by the inner lining of the stomach?
Answer- The mucus serves to shield the stomach lining from the corrosive effects of stomach acid and digestive enzymes.
Why is the acidic environment in the stomach important for digestion?
Answer- The acidic environment in the stomach helps kill harmful bacteria, pathogens, and activates digestive enzymes.
Which enzyme in the stomach is responsible for the initial breakdown of proteins?
Answer- Pepsin is the enzyme responsible for the initial breakdown of proteins in the stomach.
What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?
Answer- Villi increase the surface area for the absorption of digested food components into the bloodstream.
Where is bile produced, and what is its role in digestion?
Answer- Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Its role in digestion is to emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion.
What are the end products of the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine?
Answer- The end products are glucose for carbohydrates, fatty acids and glycerol for fats, and amino acids for proteins.
What is the role of villi in the small intestine during absorption?
Answer- Villi increase the surface area for absorption of digested food components.
What substances are absorbed through the capillaries in the villi of the small intestine?
Answer- Absorbed substances include glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids.
What is the primary function of the large intestine in digestion?
Answer- The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water and some salts from remaining undigested food material.
What is the unique behaviour of grass-eating animals like cows and buffaloes related to their digestion?
Answer- Grass-eating animals, even when not actively eating, chew continuously.
What is the process by which ruminant animals thoroughly chew the cud they regurgitate from their stomach?
Answer- The process is known as rumination.
What is the advantage of having specialised bacteria in the rumen of ruminants?
Answer- These bacteria can break down cellulose in grass into simpler, more digestible forms.
What are the finger-like projections used by Amoeba for movement and capturing food called?
Answer- Pseudopodia or false feet.
What happens to undigested residue in Amoeba after digestion?
Answer- It is expelled outside the cell through vacuoles.
What unique feeding method do starfish use to access and feed on animals with hard shells?Answer- Starfish extrude their stomachs into the prey’s shell to digest the soft tissues inside.
Also Check – Chapter 2 – NUTRITION IN ANIMALS -Class 7 – Complete Notes
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