Endoplasmic Reticulum -Short Note

Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition:

Endoplasmic Reticulum is a complex network of tubular membranes exclusively present in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell and is located near the nucleus of the cell, where protein synthesis is carried out as a result of DNA transcription.

Discovery:

Porter and Thompson discovered ER in 1945.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Types:

The ER is available in two forms: a type with a ribosome-studded surface and another with a smooth surface. 

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)

Structure of Endoplasmic Reticulum :

• The structure of the ER is shaped like a sac. 
• Rough ER has ribosomes embedded within its structure, giving a “rough” appearance. The smooth ER does not have these ribosomes, hence appearing “smooth.”

Functions:

Functions of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Responsible for the synthesis of essential lipids such as cholesterol.
• Responsible for the production and secretion of steroid hormones.
• Responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates.
• Stores and releases calcium ions.

Functions of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum( ER)

• Protein synthesis,folding and sorting.
• Ensures quality control.

Also Check – 6 Important Difference between Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Also Check – 11 Important Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Class 9

Also Check – 7 Difference Between Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum 

Also Check – Endoplasmic Reticulum – Definition , Location , Structure , 2 Types and Functions