Short answer questions –
1. Name the minerals present in our bones.
Ans: The major minerals found in bone are calcium and phosphorus in the form of an insoluble salt called hydroxyapatite [chemical formula: (Ca)10(PO4)6(OH)2].
2. Define skeleton. Also, mention its role.
Ans: All the bones in our body form a framework to give a shape to our body. This framework is called the skeleton. Thus a skeleton is made up of many bones.
Role: The major functions of the skeletal system are :
- It is the internal body support framework so that we have a correct posture and shape.
- It facilitates movement of various parts of our body
- It protects the delicate and important internal organs.
E.g. The backbone protects the spinal cord and the skull protects the brain.
- Storage of minerals like calcium and fat
- The bone marrow present inside the bones produces the red blood cells. What is the function of ribcage?
Ans: The main function of the rib cage is that it protects the delicate internal organs like heart, liver and lungs.
3. What is a vertebra? Where is it present?
Ans: Vertebrae are the 33 individual, interlocking bones that form the spinal column. Each vertebra has three main functional components: the vertebral body for load-bearing, the vertebral arch to protect the spinal cord, and transverse processes for ligament attachment. It is present in the backbone of animals.
Also Check – Class 5 –Bones And Muscles / The Skeletal System – Long Questions Answers
4. What do you understand by cartilage? Also, write its function.
Ans: Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue that keeps joint motion fluid by coating the surfaces of the bones in our joints and by cushioning bones against impact.
Function: The most important functions of cartilage include:
- Cartilage gives shape, support, and structure to other body tissues.
- It helps to cushion joints and acts as a buffer to any harmful impact or tear and wear.
- . Cartilage also smoothens the bone surfaces at the joints.
5. Write any two points related to the care of bones and joints.
Ans: To make our bones and joints strong and healthy, we should do the following:
: • Eat food items that are rich in proteins. Proteins help in the growth and repair of the body. They also help in building muscles. Food items that are rich in proteins are also called body-building foods. Young children need a greater protein-rich diet than adults to help in their growth and development.
Example: . Milk, eggs, cheese, fish, Some food items meat, beans, and pulses are good sources of proteins. that contain proteins
- Eat food items that are rich in calcium. It helps in the formation of bones and teeth. Some examples of calcium-rich foods are milk, curd, almond, and cheese.
6. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscle.
| Voluntary Muscles | Involuntary Muscles |
| Cylindrical, long, and unbranched shaped muscles. | Spindle-shaped, small muscles. |
| These muscles are under the control of our will. | These muscles are not governed by our will. |
| These muscles are multinucleated. | These muscles are uninucleate. |
| Involved in the movement of body parts and the locomotion of the body. | Involved in the internal movements of the organs, aiding the passage of fluids and food in the digestive system. |
| Found attached to bones. | Found in the walls of internal organs. |
| Example: Skeletal muscles | Example: Cardiac muscles |
7.Why do young children need a more protein-rich diet than adults?
Ans: Food items that are rich in proteins are also called body-building foods. Thus young children need a greater protein-rich diet than adults so that it boosts their growth and bone development.
8. Why is good posture important for us?
Ans : Posture is the way in which we keep our body while standing or sitting. It is important to keep our backs straight while sitting or standing. It is incorrect to sit or stand with our back bent. A bent back puts burden on the backbone and joints.This may lead to joint and muscle pain later.
9. What is a joint? How are bones held together at a joint?
Ans: A joint is a place in the skeleton where two or more bones connect.
Bones are held together at the joints with the help of the ligament. At the joints, the surfaces of the bones are covered with cartilage.
ALSO CHECK- Class 5 -Bones And Muscles / The Skeletal System -Worksheet
10. Name the different types of joints. Give one example of each.
Ans: Joints are of two types: movable and immovable.
All the joints except those in the skull are movable joints.
Types of movable joints :
- Ball-and-socket joint: In this type of joint, the ball-shaped end of one bone fits into the cup-shaped socket of another bone. This type of joint allows movement in all directions. The shoulder and the hip joints are examples of a ball-and-socket joint.
- Hinge joint: This type of joint allows only back and forth movements. Hinge joints are found in the knees, elbows, fingers, and toes.
- Pivot joint : This type of joint allows us to move our head sideways. Pivot joints are found between the first and the second vertebrae of the neck region of the backbone.
- Gliding joint: This type of joint allows the bones to glide against each other. Example: Gliding joints are found in the bones of the wrist and ankle, and between the bones of the vertebral column.
11. Describe the structure of a ball-and-socket joint. What movements does such a joint allow?
Ans: In this type of joint, the ball-shaped end of one bone fits into the cup-shaped socket of another bone. This type of joint allows movement in all directions. The shoulder and the hip joints are examples of a ball-and-socket joint.
12. Why are at least two muscles needed to move a bone in the body?
Ans: A muscle can only pull, it cannot push. Thus, two muscles are required to work together to move a bone. When one muscle contracts, the bone is pulled. When another muscle of the pair pulls, it brings the bone in its original position.
13. How do muscles work?
Ans: Muscles produce movement in the body by pulling on the bones. When a muscle contracts, the bones come close to each other. When the knee bends, one muscle other. contracts and gets shorter, whereas the other one relaxes. When the leg stretches, the reverse happens. Well-developed muscles give a graceful appearance to the body.
14. How can we keep our muscles in good shape?
Ans: To keep the muscles in good shape, we must maintain a good posture while we sit or stand or walk. Our body is amazing. We must look after it well. We must exercise and rest properly. We must have a healthy diet. We must not eat junk food.
15. Define tendon and ligament.
Ans: A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Tendons may also attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball. A tendon serves to move the bone or structure.
A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.
