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Antigens and pathogens are distinct entities in immunology. Antigens trigger immune responses without causing harm, while pathogens directly cause disease. This article outlines their differences in terms of structure, function, and immune interaction-essential knowledge for biology, medicine, and vaccine science.
Antigen and Pathogen – Differences, Definitions and Functions Read More
Antigens and antibodies differ in several aspects. Antigens, like bacteria or viruses, trigger immune responses and can originate from within the body in autoimmune diseases. Antibodies, produced in response to antigens, neutralise or eliminate them, aiding in immunity. They vary in molecular structure, origin, and function etc..
Difference Between Antigens and Antibodies – Structure, Function, and Role in Immunity Read More
Interstitial fluid, also known as tissue fluid, occupies the spaces between body cells, acting as a crucial part of extracellular fluid. Originating from blood plasma through capillary filtration, it provides essential nutrients and oxygen to cells while removing wastes. Its composition, similar to plasma but with fewer proteins, supports various physiological processes, including nutrient transport and waste removal.
What is Interstitial Fluid and its Vital Role in Cellular Health and Function Read MoreQuestion- What is the primary function of Endocytosis and Exocytosis? Answer- Endocytosis and Exocytosis are important processes for moving materials into and out of cells that are too large to …
FAQs on Endocytosis and Exocytosis Read MoreThe pancreas is a glandular organ located in the abdominal cavity. It has a complex structure consisting of various parts, including the head, body, and tail. Functionally, the pancreas plays a crucial role in both the digestive and endocrine systems. It produces and secretes digestive enzymes and juices, essential for the breakdown and absorption of nutrients. Additionally, the pancreas secretes important hormones like insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels. The pancreatic structure, function, and hormonal secretions are vital for maintaining overall health and metabolic balance.
The Pancreas – Structure, Function and Hormonal Secretions Read More
Understanding the difference between pollination and fertilisation is crucial in plant reproduction. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil, whereas fertilisation is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. Pollination occurs before fertilisation and can lead to genetic variation. These processes play an important role in the successful reproduction of plants.
Difference Between Pollination and Fertilisation Read More
Chemosynthesis and photosynthesis are two different processes with different energy sources and reactions. While photosynthesis uses light energy, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen, chemosynthesis relies on chemical energy from inorganic compounds and produces organic compounds without the involvement of light or oxygen.
Difference Between Chemosynthesis and Photosynthesis Read MorePhotorespiration occurs in C3 plants and involves several organelles. In chloroplasts, RuBP oxygenase reacts with RuBP, leading to the formation of PGA and PGly. Glycolic acid is produced in chloroplasts and then undergoes oxidation in peroxisomes, forming glyoxylic acid. Within mitochondria, glycine combines with CO2 and NH3, releasing CO2 and forming serine.
Photorespiration occurs in Read More
Photorespiration is a wasteful process that inhibits photosynthesis by diverting RuBisCO activity from carbon fixation. It reduces the production of glucose and oxygen, important products of photosynthesis. In addition, photorespiration consumes ATP instead of producing it, resulting in a loss of energy for the plant. It also leads to a loss of fixed carbon through the release of carbon dioxide, which further reduces carbon gain.
Photorespiration is a Wasteful process Justify Read MoreCrassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) is a specialised form of photosynthesis in xerophytic succulents. CAM Plants absorb CO2 at night, store it as malic acid and release it during the day for carbohydrate production. They conserve water by closing the stomata during the day. Examples are orchids, cacti, aloe and pineapple. CAM enables efficient CO2 use, water conservation and reduced photorespiration in arid environments.
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) -Pathway, Significance, Examples Read More