Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management Class 8 – Simplified notes

The chapter “Crop Production and Management” explains important agricultural practices .It covers types of crops like Kharif and Rabi, preparing the soil, sowing seeds, using manure and fertilizers, irrigation methods, protecting crops from weeds, harvesting the crops, and storing the produce. It also highlights the importance of animal husbandry for producing food and supporting sustainable farming practices.

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The Khilafat Movement- Agitation for Ottoman Caliphate’s preservation

The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was a pivotal campaign by Indian Muslims to safeguard the Ottoman Caliphate after World War I. It united Hindus and Muslims against British rule, fostering mass protests and political awakening. Despite its eventual decline, the movement influenced future independence efforts and highlighted the potential for communal unity in India.

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Periyar E.V. Ramaswamy’s Self-Respect Movement -Chapter 7 – Women, Caste and Reform – Class 8

Periyar’s Self-Respect Movement played a crucial role in the fight against caste discrimination and was a significant force in promoting the dignity and rights of the untouchable communities in India.

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