Chapter 5 -When People Rebel : 1857 and After- Class 8 – History Notes

the British East India Company’s policies drastically altered Indian life, prompting widespread unrest. Leaders like Rani Lakshmibai and Nana Saheb resisted as their authority waned under Company rule. Sepoys and civilians, burdened by heavy taxes and cultural interference, ignited the 1857 revolt, marking a significant challenge to British dominance. This uprising underscored the deep-seated discontent with British interference in India’s traditional socio-political fabric.

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Tipu Sultan – The “Tiger of Mysore”

Tipu Sultan: Also known as the “Tiger of Mysore,” Tipu Sultan was an Indian ruler during the late 18th century. He led the Mysore kingdom and was a pioneer in rocket artillery. His conflicts included battles against the British East India Company during the Anglo-Mysore Wars. Despite territorial losses, he remains a significant historical figure in India.

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Difference between Crude oil and Petroleum

Crude oil and petroleum, though commonly interchanged, have distinct differences. Crude oil is the unrefined, raw oil extracted directly from the ground, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons like methane and propane. Petroleum, a broader category, encompasses both crude oil and its refined derivatives such as gasoline and diesel. It’s a complex mixture derived from ancient organic materials, transformed into oil and natural gas over millions of years, used in various forms from heating to fueling vehicles.

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fractional distillation of crude oil

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

Fractional distillation is essential in oil refineries for separating crude oil into components like gasoline and diesel based on boiling points. This process involves heating crude oil, vaporising it, and condensing the vapour in a fractionating column. Different fractions are collected at various levels, providing diverse, usable products critical for multiple industries.

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